A new Clean Cities study of London, Madrid, Paris and Warsaw finds that cities have taken different approaches to rolling out public charge points, and that policy choices matter more than charger counts.

Cities are set to lose between 8.5% and 14% of their on-street parking spaces by 2040 if the size of new cars continues to increase unchecked.

London is falling dangerously behind on cleaning up its van fleets, with the city still dominated by polluting diesel vans and slow progress towards van electrification.